Chad is currently grappling with a severe outbreak of the virus in its eastern Ouaddai province. The outbreak has emerged amidst a backdrop of ongoing conflict in neighboring Sudan, leading to a significant influx of refugees into the region since April 2023.
The situation is dire, with over 2000 suspected cases reported, primarily among vulnerable populations in refugee camps.
The virus (HEV) causes liver inflammation, transmitted fecal-orally, similar to hepatitis A. It’s a positive-sense, single-stranded, RNA virus, one of five human hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E). Typically acute, HEV can be severe, especially in pregnant and immunocompromised individuals, leading to chronic hepatitis.
The outbreak was first identified on March 5, 2024, when the World Health Organization (WHO) was alerted by Chad’s International Health Regulation national focal point. Since then, cases have surged, particularly in the Adré and Hadjer-Hadid health districts. Alarmingly, the majority of cases—95%—are concentrated in refugee camps and transit sites.
Initial phase: Mild fever, reduced appetite, nausea, vomiting.
According to WHO assessments, the outbreak’s risk level is high at the national level due to continuous population movements, poor hygiene conditions, and limited access to essential medical services. While the risk is moderate regionally, there are concerns about the potential spread to neighboring countries, given ongoing population movements.
Preventive Measures: Emphasize the importance of maintaining good hygiene practices, including handwashing with clean water and soap, especially before handling food.
In conclusion, urgent and concerted action is needed to contain the hepatitis E outbreak in Chad. WHO, along with other partners and stakeholders, must work together to implement effective control measures and prevent further transmission of this deadly virus. Time is of the essence in saving lives and safeguarding the health of vulnerable populations in the affected region.
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